The World Health Organization (WHO) has officially given certification as Egypt’s malaria-free, marking a significant public health achievement for the country, which is home to over 100 million people. This accomplishment follows nearly a century of dedicated efforts by the Egyptian government and its citizens to eradicate a disease that has plagued the region since ancient times.
A Historic Transformation
Malaria has been part of Egypt’s history for millennia, but recent advancements have allowed the country to break free from this ancient scourge. The WHO’s Director-General highlighted the importance of this certification, emphasizing that it symbolizes the commitment of both the Egyptian people and their government to eliminate malaria. This historic moment serves as an inspiration for other countries in the region, showcasing what can be achieved with adequate resources and effective strategies.
Third in the Region to Achieve Certification as Egypt’s Malaria-Free
Egypt becomes the third country in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region to receive malaria-free certification, joining the ranks of the United Arab Emirates and Morocco. This marks the first certification in the region since 2010. Globally, a total of 44 countries and one territory have achieved this milestone, reflecting a growing success in the fight against malaria.
A New Phase Begins
The Deputy Prime Minister of Egypt articulated that receiving the malaria elimination certificate signifies the start of a new phase, not the end of the journey. The government intends to maintain high standards for surveillance, diagnosis, treatment, and vector management, ensuring a rapid response to any imported cases. The continued commitment across various sectors will be crucial in preserving Egypt’s malaria-free status.
WHO Certification Criteria
The WHO grants certification of malaria elimination when a country can demonstrate that indigenous malaria transmission by Anopheles mosquitoes has been interrupted nationwide for at least the past three consecutive years. Additionally, the country must prove its capacity to prevent the re-establishment of malaria transmission.
The Long Journey to Elimination
Malaria’s history in Egypt dates back to 4000 B.C.E., with genetic evidence of the disease found in ancient mummies. Early efforts to combat malaria began in the 1920s, focusing on reducing human-mosquito contact. In 1930, malaria was designated a notifiable disease, leading to the establishment of the first malaria control station aimed at diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance.
By 1942, malaria cases surged to over 3 million due to factors such as World War II displacements and the invasion of a highly efficient mosquito vector. The Egyptian government responded by establishing treatment divisions and recruiting thousands of health workers to manage the outbreak effectively.
Challenges and Responses
The completion of the Aswan Dam in 1969 introduced new risks for malaria transmission, creating standing water that served as a breeding ground for mosquitoes. In response, Egypt launched a rigorous vector control and surveillance project, collaborating closely with Sudan to detect and respond to outbreaks swiftly.
By 2001, the Ministry of Health and Population focused on preventing the re-establishment of local malaria transmission. In 2014, a small outbreak in the Aswan Governorate was rapidly contained through early identification, prompt treatment, and effective vector control.
A Commitment to Health for All
The Most Dangerous Mosquito-Borne Illnesses: A Global Health Concern
In Egypt, malaria diagnosis and treatment are provided free of charge to all residents, regardless of their legal status. Health professionals are trained across the nation to detect and screen for malaria, including at border checkpoints. Strong cross-border partnerships, particularly with Sudan, have been vital in preventing the re-establishment of malaria transmission, ultimately leading to Egypt’s official certification as malaria-free.
A Beacon of Hope
Egypt’s Malaria-Free’s achievement in eliminating malaria is not only a victory for public health but also a beacon of hope for other endemic countries in the region. This milestone demonstrates that with vision, dedication, and collaboration, even the most challenging public health crises can be overcome. The ongoing commitment to health system enhancement and community engagement will remain critical in safeguarding the health of all people in Egypt.
