Strokes on the Rise
More than 600,000 Americans are expected to experience their first stroke this year, with estimates suggesting that up to 80% of these cases could be preventable. In response to this alarming statistic, the American Stroke Association (ASA) has issued updated Stroke prevention guidelines encouraging healthcare providers to screen for various stroke risk factors, including high blood pressure, elevated cholesterol, high blood sugar, and obesity.
The Importance of Primary Stroke Prevention
Dr. Cheryl D. Bushnell, chair of the ASA guideline writing group, emphasized that the most effective way to reduce both the incidence of strokes and related fatalities is through primary prevention. Certain populations may be at a higher risk for strokes due to a combination of genetic, lifestyle, biological, and social determinants of health. Unfortunately, some individuals do not receive the necessary screenings to identify their risk levels.
A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, either due to a blockage or the rupture of a blood vessel, leading to potentially severe consequences. Last year, strokes were the fourth leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for approximately 162,600 fatalities based on preliminary data.
Updated Dietary Recommendations for Stroke Prevention
The ASA’s updated recommendations replace guidelines from 2014 and advocate for adults to adopt the Mediterranean diet, irrespective of their stroke risk status. This plant-based eating plan focuses on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats while limiting red meat and sugar intake.
In addition to dietary changes, the ASA advises regular exercise, adequate sleep, maintaining a healthy weight, controlling cholesterol, managing blood pressure and blood sugar levels, and avoiding smoking as effective strategies for reducing stroke risk.
Importance of Screening and Lifestyle Changes
Healthcare professionals are encouraged to screen patients for sedentary behaviors. Adults should aim for a minimum of 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise each week, or a combination of both. The ASA also stresses the importance of understanding nonmedical factors that can impact health, including education, financial stability, access to healthcare, and neighborhood walkability.
Women, in particular, may require more frequent screenings for stroke risks. Factors such as birth control pill usage and pregnancy-related complications, including high blood pressure and premature birth, contribute to increased risk. Furthermore, women generally have longer lifespans, leading to an annual average of about 55,000 more strokes in women compared to men in the U.S.
Advanced Risk Assessment Tools
To aid in preventive treatment, the American Heart Association introduced an updated risk calculator last year. This tool, known as the PREVENT calculator, estimates 10-year and 30-year risks for stroke and heart disease in individuals over 30. Understanding which individuals are at increased risk allows for tailored support aimed at preserving heart and brain health.
Recognizing Stroke Warning Signs
Experts recommend using the acronym BE FAST to quickly identify stroke warning signs and determine when to call for emergency assistance. The components of BE FAST are as follows:
- B for Balance: Difficulty walking or maintaining balance.
- E for Eyesight: Symptoms such as double vision, blurred vision, or loss of vision.
- F for Facial Droop: Noticeable drooping or unevenness in facial features.
- A for Arm Weakness: Weakness or numbness in the arms, which can also extend to the legs.
- S for Speech Changes: Slurred or unclear speech.
- T for Time: Immediate action is needed, so call 911.
By raising awareness of stroke prevention and recognizing early warning signs, individuals can take proactive steps toward maintaining their health and well-being.
