Longer, more intense allergy seasons driven by climate change are affecting millions of Americans, experts say, urging people to limit pollen exposure, track daily pollen counts, and use effective treatments to manage symptoms.
Cities Rank Among Worst for Allergy Sufferers
Allergy season is intensifying across the United States, with tens of millions experiencing symptoms such as runny noses, itchy eyes, coughing, and sneezing. Experts say location, lifestyle, and sensitivity levels all influence the severity of individuals’ effects.
The Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America releases an annual list of the most challenging cities for allergy sufferers. This year, Boise, Idaho, ranks first, followed by San Diego, Tulsa, Oklahoma, Provo, Utah, and Rochester, New York.
The rankings are based on pollen counts, use of over-the-counter medications, and access to allergy specialists. Experts say such data highlights how environmental and health care factors combine to shape allergy risks.
Pollen Cycles Intensify With Changing Climate
Pollen, a fine powder produced by plants as part of their reproductive process, is the primary trigger for seasonal allergies. Tree pollen dominates early spring, followed by grasses in late spring and summer, and weeds in late summer and fall.
Common allergy-triggering trees include birch, cedar, maple, oak, and walnut, while grasses such as Bermuda and rye also contribute significantly to symptoms.
Researchers say climate change is extending growing seasons and producing milder winters, allowing pollen to remain in the air longer. “We are seeing longer and more severe allergy seasons,” said Dr. Shyam Joshi, an allergist at Oregon Health and Science University.
Last year marked one of the most intense allergy seasons on record, particularly across the southeastern United States, according to experts.
Experts Recommend Avoidance, Tracking, and Treatment
Health specialists emphasize that avoiding pollen exposure remains the most effective first step. Keeping windows closed at home and in cars, wearing protective clothing outdoors, and showering after returning indoors can significantly reduce exposure.
“Simple steps like changing clothes and rinsing off can make a big difference,” said Dr. James Baker, an allergist at the University of Michigan. He added that wearing long sleeves can help keep pollen off the skin.
Tracking pollen levels can also help people plan outdoor activities. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology provides daily pollen counts through its monitoring network.
For symptom relief, over-the-counter nasal sprays are considered among the most effective treatments. However, proper usage is essential. “Patients often use sprays incorrectly, which can reduce effectiveness,” said Dr. Kathleen May of Augusta University, advising users to angle the nozzle outward.
Oral antihistamines such as Claritin, Allegra, and Zyrtec can also help, though they may act more slowly. Experts recommend consulting an allergist if symptoms disrupt sleep or daily activities, as advanced treatments can retrain the immune system.
Some widely shared remedies, including consuming local honey to build tolerance, have been debunked. “The pollen involved in allergies is not the same type bees typically spread,” Joshi said.
As allergy seasons grow longer, experts stress that awareness and preventive care are key to reducing symptoms and maintaining quality of life.
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